Police levels and crime rates: An instrumental variables approach
نویسندگان
چکیده
While police levels may affect crime, governments may react to crime by increasing police levels. The instrumental variables (IV) approach to this problem has proven difficult due to the problem of locating instruments for police levels. Using panel data from over 5000 cities (1990–2001), we instrumented police levels with two types of federal law enforcement grants, thus yielding over-identified models. We also subjected our instruments to both relevance and validity testing, a step authors of similar studies have yet to take. We found fairly robust inverse associations between police levels and four index crime rates (homicide, robbery, assault, and burglary), but mainly in large cities. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
منابع مشابه
The Effects of Immigrant Concentration on Changes in Neighborhood Crime Rates
Objectives This study investigated the extent to which immigrant concentration is associated with reductions in neighborhood crime rates in the City of Los Angeles. Methods A potential outcomes model using two-stage least squares regression was estimated, where immigrant concentration levels in 1990 were used as an instrumental variable to predict immigrant concentration levels in 2000. The ins...
متن کاملDo Female Officers Improve Law Enforcement Quality? Effects on Crime Reporting and Domestic Violence Escalation
We study the impact of the integration of women in US policing between the late 1970s and early 1990s on violent crime reporting and domestic violence escalation. Along these two key dimensions, we find that female officers improved police quality. Using crime victimization data, we find that as female representation increases among officers in an area, violent crimes against women in that area...
متن کاملRanking Police Administration Units on the Basis of Crime Prevention Measures using Data Envelopment Analysis and Clustering
In this paper, a novel approach has been proposed to rank police administration units on the basis of their effective enforcement of crime prevention measures using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Clustering. The proposed approach will offer an effective mechanism not only to rank police administration units but also provide an evaluation tool to monitor the implementation of crime preventi...
متن کاملThe Politics of Refuge: Sanctuary Cities, Crime, and Undocumented Immigration
This paper assesses the claim that sanctuary cities – defined as cities that expressly forbid city officials or police departments from inquiring into immigration status – are associated with post-hoc increases in crime. We employ a causal inference matching strategy to compare similarly situated cities where key variables are the same across the cities except the sanctuary status of the city. ...
متن کاملThe Effect of Additional Police Force on Crime Rate: Evidence from Women’s Japan Basketball League
【Abstract】This paper analyzes influence of an additional referee on number of fouls by using the data from Women’s Japan Basketball League (WJBL) in order to examine whether number of police officers affects the crime rate. For the season of 2010-2011, the upper league of the WJBL introduced 3 referees system for the adaption of the international standard. Using this natural experiment, the Dif...
متن کامل